Apart from outstanding Polish cartographers discussed here, in mid 17th century and in the 18th century worked also S. Anders, F. Getkant (+1663), who drew a map of Puck Bay and the Żuławy Depression: many versions of this map are among the Rapperswil collection. Another significant cartographer is J.Naroński, who prepared a 1:100,000 map of Eastern Prussia in manuscript and a 1:50,000 etching of the same map: his work was continued by S.Suchodolski (1649 - 1724), who in 1703 edited a map of Eastern Prussia, published in 1763. The latter works provided ground for later development of Prussian military cartography. Since mid 17th century, Polish cartography experienced general crisis: no new original maps were made of this part of Europe, in Poland or abroad. 

The revival of science in Poland, and all-embracing political changes (the Partitions ofthe country) in the second half of the 18th century stimulated new interest in cartography of Poland in the country and abroad. The patron of science of the Nowogrod voi-vodship J.A. Jablonowski started in 1740 work on new major map of Poland, based on detailed surveys of individual voivodships and other physico-geographical elements. Jablonowski worked in co-operation with F.F. Czaki, whose descriptions of the surroundings of Warszawa are very well preserved; the Russian version is among the Rapperswil maps. In 1765, Czaki went into the service of King Stanislaw August Po-niatowski, and Jablonowski passed over his archives to Italian cartographer J.A. Rizzi Zannoni, who used them to edit in 1772 a grand map of Poland Carte de la Pologne, consisting of 21 charts of individual voivodships, in the 1: 700,000 scale. The map was then reduced in size by Rizzi and included into his collection in the form of an index, along with a magnificent map of the Capital City of Warsaw. Rapperswil Library has the fill edition of Rizzi Zannoni's map and some separate charts depicting individual voivodships. 

King Stanislaw August Poniatowski was aware of the importance of cartography for national politics and defence. In 1765, he decided to organise a team of experienced cartographers, to prepare and publish the fill, detailed map of the whole country. Along with Czaki, the team consisted with Karol de Perthes as its head and also J. Bakałowicz. De Perthes took painstaking efforts to prepare detailed materials for the map. Using various descriptive materials, such as itineraria, local measurements, re suits of astronomical descriptions and also descriptions of parochies, collected by way of questionnaires in the years 1783 - 1784, the team created excellent scientific and fac-tual background for the preparation of a detailed map. Until end 1795, de Perthes had prepared 1: 220,000 maps of 14 voivodships (so-called "special maps"), of which only 5 were printed; the remaining ones are in manuscript. 

Polish cartographic research in Poland was considerably limited after the first partition of the country in 1772. However, some work was continued. Apart from the Rizzi Zannoni map published in Venice, there appeared a 1:672,000 map of Poland by J. Bakałowicz, published in Koenigsberg by Jakub Kanter. Another map was published in Warszawa by B. Folin in the scale of 1:1,200,000. De Perthes' map was reduced to 1:5,000,000. The next two partitions of Poland stopped some important cartographic works, such as the preparation of maps by the Treasury Commission for hydrographic and revenue purposes. Fragments of these works can be located now in some commu-nal or voivodship archives. 

Under the partitions, at the end of the 18th century, many foreign cartographers began work on the Polish territory. All the three partitions were described and included into general maps of Russia, Prussia and Gal icia. The only Polish map created at that ti-me was a geological map by Stanislaw Staszic, Carta geologica totius Poloniae, Moldaviae, Transllvaniae etpartis Hungariae et Valachiae. It was not only geological map; it was also an important general map, as it presented a very interesting description of hydrography and relief, at the same time providing information on some 2,000 spot heignts presented in a 8-grade scale and marked in a characteristic way. Another important surveyor, cartographer and lecturer at the University of Warsaw was Jakub Kanter, who took part in cartographic works on the territory of the Prussian partition. In 1808, Kanter published a map of the Duchy of Warsaw, in 1817 - a mail map and in the years 1828 - 1833, an 8-chart map of the Congress Kingdom, consisting of one general map and 8 voivodship maps. 

After the establishment of the Congress Kingdom, the army began various cartogra-phic works, primarily the so-called Karta Topograficzna Królestwa Polskiego, or Topographic Chart of the Kingdom of Poland, in the scale of 1:42,000, to be published in 1:126,000. Regrettably, this map was not based on triangulatory survey of the whole country, as it was done in other parts of Europe. The materials used were measurements done by the three countries involved in the partition of Poland, and in the result, the maps included grave errors, particularly in the presentation of berderlands of the former partitions. The relief was reflected with Lehman's lining, but without specif'ing spot heights. All the 56 charts of the map were published as classified information in 1831. The last stages of work were supervised by Russian Army Staff, headed by General Richter. The map became a model for a later Russian three-verst map published in the scale 1:126,000. It was declared non-classified in 1857. 

The Museum of Rapperswil attaches special importance to works by Leonard Chodzko, a Paris publisher of historical works and maps of Poland. On 1863, he edited and published, together with Wrotnowski, a map of Poland in the scale 1:200,000: Carte politique et routiere de l'Europe Centrale, which he subsequently reduced and inclu-ded into his historical and economic work on the Polish State, published in Paris: LA POLOGNE HISTORIQUE, LITTERAIRE, MONUMENTALE ET ILUSTREE. Leonard Chodzko managed to collect in Paris a vast number of Polish documents, books and maps, which he donated to the Rapperswil Museum after his death. After 1927, they were deposited in the Pałac Krasińiskich in Warsaw and during the II World War were probably destroyed by fife, together with other precious documents of the Polish National Museum. The Rapperswil Collection presently has some copies of Chodzko's work and two copies of his map of Poland. 

Former employee of the Staff of the Polish Army, Logistics Department, A. Stry-jenski (1803 - 1875), who was involved in the work on the Karta Topograficzna Królestwa Polskiego, came to Switzerland after 1831. He began work with renowned Swiss cartographer G.H. Dufour on a topographic map of Switzerland. 

At the beginning of the 2Oth century, prof. Eugeniusz Romer, renowned geographer and author of the new model of cartographic synthesis, appears in the world of Polish cartography. Romer's work exerted a significant influence on the presentation of Polish territories; the basic guidelines for this presentation, such as hypsometric colours, are in force to this day. Romer was lecturing at Lvov University, where he developed a modern school of Polish cartography. Among his students were luture employees of the Military Institute of Geography, famous for its cartographic perfectionism. In the 30ties the first Polish it would be difficult to encounter maps comparable with Polish military "hundreds' (scale 1:100,000 or "fifties" (scale 1:50,000) Four charts of the "hundred" map showing the Tatra mountains are today one of the most important achievements of Polish cartography. Only Swiss maps of the Alps of those times are equal in quality. A comprehensi-ble collection of maps by the Military Institute of Geography is exhibited by the Wladyslaw Sikorski Museum in London. 

The post-war policy of the Polish People's Republic ruined the achievements by the prewar cartographers. The monopolistic, strictly limited by various regulations work of the State Cartographic Publishing Company (PPWK) did not add any significant contri-bution to the history of Polish cartography; interesting work in this area was conducted only in the cartographic divisions of the Institutes and Departments of Geography at the Universities: of Warsaw (prof. Lech Ratajski), of Lublin (prof. Franciszek Uchorczak), of Wrocław and Toruń; another area of significance were geological maps, created by experts of the Geological Institute in Warszawa (prof. Józef Edward Mojski) and published by the State Geological Publishing House. 

Political and economic transformations of 1989 created conditions favourable for the making of modern maps. The quality offered by the PPWK, now known as Eugeniusz Romer Publishers, is much better, but it is no match in quality for the products by small circulation products of new publishing houses, such as i.a. GEA Publishers owned by Małgorzata Kos'cielska, who chiefly publish large-scale maps of holiday resorts and small towns. 

Modern Polish cartography, following general international trends, is more and more often using high quality air and satellite photographs; state-of-the-art hardware and software is used for editing; maps are drawn by automatically controlled autographs or graphic software. More and more often the editor of the contents of the map and the technical supervisor have to be skilled computer experts. Electronically processed data are stored in dispersed or centralised databases with broad public access. Modern technology also facilitates research on the history of cartography. A database of Polish cartography is urgently needed. Cartographic collections, dispersed all over the country and abroad should be indexed and become available through public computer networks. A clear system would encourage even owners of private collections to grant public access to their catalogues, and consequently, the access to their hardly known but extremely valuable collections.